Christian writers often use text or verses from the Bible to emphasize themes, clarify thoughts, explore ideas, or provide inspiration. Whether writing nonfiction or fiction, understanding how to properly quote and cite from the Bible is important. By not following the established policies, you can be hit with copyright infringement, which occurs when a copyrighted work is reproduced, distributed, performed, publicly displayed, or made into a derivative work without the permission of the copyright owner.
Copyright is the legal principle intended to prevent a work from being copied and distributed by another party. Per the United States Copyright office, “A work is under copyright protection the moment it is created and fixed in a tangible form that it is perceptible either directly or with the aid of a machine or device.”
Copyright gives the owner the exclusive right to:
• reproduce the copyrighted work• prepare derivative works• distribute copies• display the work publicly (including social media)
Religious works are copyrighted in the same manner as any other type of work; however, since most of the world's major religions have been practiced for over a thousand years, many of the original scriptures are in public domain. A work is generally considered to be within public domain if it is ineligible for copyright protection or its copyright has expired. You’ll likely encounter copyrighted material when using one of the numerous translations of the Bible, which are much newer and typically under copyright.
The text from public domain Bibles can be used without restrictions and without prior written permission. For example, the King James Version (KJV) is in public domain in the United States, as is The World English Bible (WEB), so that means there are no copyright restrictions or permission requirements to quote from these versions. This copyright status may differ in other countries, so please check your local copyright laws when publishing outside of the United States.*
Bibles not in public domain are protected under copyright. Each of these versions have a publisher with a different set of rules for quoting text. Most will let you quote a certain number of verses or a percentage of the text, as long as it’s not a significant portion of your work. You may also be required to include a copyright permission notice on the copyright page of your book.
BibleGateway.com is a reputable resource that authors can use to find the reprint policies for various Bible versions. Just click on the version in question and then visit the “Copyright” tab.
If you can’t locate the policy for the version of the Bible you want to quote, or, if you want to use the material in a way that's not covered by the policy, you must contact the publisher for written permission.
When quoting from the Bible in your writing, it’s important to use the correct formatting. This is not only for legal reasons, but also for helping your editors and readers identify the origin.
Most modern Bibles use the same chapter and verse system, dividing each book into chapters and then each chapter into verses. To point a reader to a particular verse, a writer must give the abbreviated book name, then the chapter number followed by a colon, then the verse number. In the blog post “10 Tips for Quoting Scripture in Your Writing”, author and editor Katy Kauffman shares important formatting and citation tips taken from The Chicago Manual of Style.
While these policies and guidelines can seem a bit cumbersome, proper usage of any borrowed text is extremely important in the world of publishing. It will make your work appear professional and credible, and will help mitigate any potential legal issues.
*NOTE: Copyright law may differ country to country and there is no such thing as “international copyright law”. To protect creators around the world, nearly 180 countries have ratified a treaty called the Berne Convention, which establishes minimum standards for protection from country to country.
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I'm about to start the process of registering my book with the copyright office, but I'm not sure what to do about the verses I quoted. I know how to properly cite them in the book itself, I'm just not sure if there's somewhere in the copyright application that I need to put that I used these quotes that are not under public domain but used with permission. Do I just submit my application without specifying in the application that I quote the Bible since the manuscript I'm submitting has the proper citations in it? This whole process is so confusing, I'd love any clarity you can provide. Thank you!
Hello, you will want to register the copyright for your book once the manuscript is finalized and formatted, including any citations, footnotes, permission notes, etc., but before it is published. If registering electronically, you will be required to submit an electronic copy of your book as a part of the application process. You can review the specific guidelines here: https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-register.html#:~:text=To%20register%20a%20work%2C%20submit,4%2C%20Copyright%20Office%20Fees%E2%80%9D.